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Thoughts on strategies and paths to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 324-331 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0883-7

摘要： First, a brief introduction is made to the four basic judgments and understandings of the goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.” Then, an in-depth elaboration is provided on the eight major strategies for achieving the goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,” including conservation and efficiency priority, energy security, non-fossil energy substitution, re-electrification, resource recycling, carbon sequestration, digitalization and cooperation between countries. Next, eight major implementation paths for achieving the goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” are discussed in detail, including industrial restructuring; building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and renewing the understanding of China’s energy resource endowment; accelerating the construction of a new-type power system with a gradually growing proportion of new energy, and realizing the “possible triangle” of high-quality energy system development; utilizing electrification and deep decarbonization technologies to promote the orderly peaking and gradual neutralization of carbon emissions in the industrial sector; promoting the low-carbon transition of transportation vehicles to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the transportation sector; focusing on breaking through key green building technologies to achieve zero carbon emissions from building electricity and heat; providing a strong technical support for carbon removal to achieve carbon neutrality; accelerating the construction of the integrated planning and assessment mechanism for pollution and carbon reduction, establishing a sound strategy, planning, policy and action system, and optimizing the carbon trading system. Afterwards, it is particularly pointed out that the realization of the goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” cannot be separated from the support of sci-tech innovation. Finally, it is stressed that carbon neutrality is not the end, but an important milestone. If viewed from the perspective of future energy, the significance and historical status of the goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” will be more understandable.

关键词： carbon peaking and carbon neutrality strategy implementation path important sci-tech innovation implementation path

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工业互联网标准体系构建与实施路径

胡琳,杨建军,韦莎,郭楠,马原野

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第2期页码 88-94 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.012

摘要：

工业互联网是新一代信息技术与先进工业的连接纽带，工业互联网标准化工作是实现工业互联网创新发展和产业链各环节有效衔接的重要保障。本文梳理了国内外工业互联网以及工业网络、大数据、平台、网络安全等相关领域的标准化基础工作，凝练了我国工业互联网标准化面临的问题；研究提出了面向产业发展需求的工业互联网标准体系框架，涵盖基础共性、网络、数据、平台、安全等方面。围绕参考架构构建，数据流通、处理、使用过程中的互联互通，监测控制与决策优化，网络安全等重点领域的共性需求，提出了我国工业互联网标准制定的具体实施路径。研究建议，推进工业互联网标准体系应加快工业互联网重点标准突破，加强标准落地应用推广，培育和健全产业生态。

关键词：工业互联网标准化体系框架实施路径

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培育企业创新能力是苏通大桥建设的重要使命

游庆仲

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第3期页码 4-7

摘要：

分析了我国公共基础设施建设领域创新体系的现状，探讨了业主在建立以企业为主体，产学研相结合的技术创新体系中的定位与职责；提出了重大工程建设是提升国家创新能力的一项重要资源，结合苏通大桥工程实践，阐述了依托重大工程培育龙头企业核心竞争力的有效做法。

关键词：苏通大桥工程创新企业

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加强技术创新创建可持续发展高科技企业集团的北京有色金属研究总院

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 91-92

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发展高新技术必先营造制度环境

郭重庆

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 55-58

摘要：

结合国内外专家对经济增长源泉认识的不同观点及我国企业的现状和面临的问题，认为营造制度环境和管理创新是发展我国高新技术的关键。

关键词：高新技术经济发展制度创新管理创新

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Rational Understanding about Renaissance Path of China's Road and Bridge Engineering

Mao-run Feng,Zheng-song Zhao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 42-51 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014013

摘要： At the turn of this century, China began the largest road and bridge development in the world, which has virtuously interacted with the social and economic development and has elevated the engineering technology to world-class level. Surveying the development of world transportation, and comparing the road and bridge construction efforts of Europe, U.S.A, Japan and China, general experiences of success can be derived as follows: It is greatly beneficial to give priority to transportation for economic development; it takes national strategy and social action to build up a transportation network; demand and innovation are the driving forces to upgrade road and bridge technology; management innovation and quality assurance can greatly improve development caliber. While rationally acknowledging China's transportation infrastructure achievements, we should reflect on issues with Chinese characteristics that have affected quality and efficiency, expose all construction practices that violate scientific law, overall management defects in road and bridge construction and maintenance, and search for new ways to strengthen social management and the creation of a healthy soft environment.

关键词： road network expressway bridge project technological innovation construction management social management

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基于比较分析的人工智能技术创新路径研究

房超,李正风,薛颖,尤政

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 147-153 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.021

摘要：

人工智能（AI）技术已在经济社会发展和国防建设中获得广泛应用，但在灵活性、可解释性、鲁棒性和安全性等方面存在待改进提高之处，亟需加强研究以获得创新发展。本文在对 AI 技术和 AI 产业进行概念界定的基础上，运用比较分析的研究方法，选取核能、光伏技术与 AI 技术在基础理论、技术发展和技术市场应用方面展开比较分析，进而探索 AI 技术发展创新的普遍规律和有效路径。研究发现， AI 技术的发展模式将由“内卷式”转向“演化式”发展；融合式发展是 AI 技术创新的优选路径，可通过民用研究成果直接转化为军用、军民协同创新、军用需求牵引民用需求的“三步走”发展路线来实现。针对 AI 技术深度融合发展的目标，研究提出了构建新型研发机构、加大资金支持力度、重视人才队伍建设、开展伦理研究等对策建议。

关键词：人工智能，技术创新路径，内卷式，演化式，融合发展，比较分析

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中国钢铁行业碳达峰、碳中和实施路径研究

殷瑞钰, 刘正东, 上官方钦

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第12期页码 1680-1683 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.008

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EEG controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the upper limb for stroke patients

Hock Guan TAN, Cheng Yap SHEE, Keng He KONG, Cuntai GUAN, Wei Tech ANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 71-81 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0207-1

摘要：

This paper describes the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system and the experiments to allow post-acute (<3 months) stroke patients to use electroencephalogram (EEG) to trigger neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-assisted extension of the wrist/fingers, which are essential pre-requisites for useful hand function. EEG was recorded while subjects performed motor imagery of their paretic limb, and then analyzed to determine the optimal frequency range within the -rhythm, with the greatest attenuation. Aided by visual feedback, subjects then trained to regulate their -rhythm EEG to operate the BCI to trigger NMES of the wrist/finger. 6 post-acute stroke patients successfully completed the training, with 4 able to learn to control and use the BCI to initiate NMES. This result is consistent with the reported BCI literacy rate of healthy subjects. Thereafter, without the loss of generality, the controller of the NMES is developed and is based on a model of the upper limb muscle (biceps/triceps) groups to determine the intensity of NMES required to flex or extend the forearm by a specific angle. The muscle model is based on a phenomenological approach, with parameters that are easily measured and conveniently implemented.

关键词： brain computer interface neuromuscular electrical stimulation stroke musculoskeletal modeling

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秦山三期（重水堆）核电站工程建设和重大技术创新

中核集团秦山第三核电有限公司

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 73-86

摘要：

秦山三期重水堆核电站是我国首座商用重水堆核电站，也是中国和加拿大两国政府间迄今最大的贸易项目。业主秦山第三核电有限公司在工程建设、调试及自主运行的过程中，坚持自主创新管理，有效实施工程质量、进度和投资三大控制；并在消化吸收CANDU-6技术的基础上进行改进，提高机组的安全性和可靠性。工程的建设实践，使我国核电工程管理在已有的基础上，基本实现了程序化、信息化的规范管理并与国际接轨。工程建成后，在保证机组安全稳定运行的基础上又进行了多项技术改进和创新，使机组性能持续提高。在人才培养方面，注重培育企业文化，强化人员培训，建立起员工培训与工程建设互相促进的良性循环机制。秦山三期工程在核电项目管理水平的提高和发展，可为推动我国核电发展和大型引进工程的规范化管理提供借鉴。

关键词：秦山三期重水堆核电站工程建设技术创新

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Elements’ important ranking of China drug safety management system: applying the non-structural

Xiaoping ZHENG, Xiaocui WANG, Tingkuan ZHONG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 290-299 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0283-5

摘要： Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society. In order to reduce drug incident, this study discusses some important elements associated with China drug safety management system and analyzes the data collected by questionnaires. Besides, a methodology for rating the important elements is described and applied. The non-structural fuzzy group decision method not only considers the insufficient precise information but also combines the opinions of different kinds of respondents in China’s four municipalities. The results indicate that the sample systems are the most important in these important elements, and the order of importance is sampling systems, licensing systems, traceability systems, transaction models, pharmacovigilance and emergence management. This study not only points out the important ranking of the pivotal elements in China drug safety management but also gives some specific proposals about how to enhance drug safety management in China.

关键词： management system different management important ranking non-structural fuzzy

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“一带一路”远程医疗服务体系建设研究

王琳琳 ,翟运开 ,王小宁,李静 ,袁硕颀 ,李陈晨 ,马倩倩 ,赵杰

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第4期页码 47-52 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.04.016

摘要：

本文通过分析“一带一路”医疗健康合作的需求，提出了利用远程医疗能够突破地理距离限制的天然优势，构建“一带一路”远程医疗服务体系；并提出了“一带一路”远程医疗服务体系建设的具体目标和实施路径。最后，通过分析实施过程中面临的资金、语言、人才、技术更新与运维等方面挑战，有针对性地提出了构建多层次、全方位的金融支撑体系，同时适用“共同使用英语、配备专业语言人才、适时推广汉语”多种语言策略，建立多学科、新模式的人才培养机制和因地制宜的人才输出机制，通过专业团队的建立形成持续的投入和运维机制等对策建议。

关键词： “一带一路” 远程医疗医疗健康实施路径

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Rise of aluminum-chalcogen batteries: A promising path to sustainable energy storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 567-568 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0887-3

摘要： Rise of aluminum-chalcogen batteries: A promising path to sustainable energy storage

关键词： promising path energy

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Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 657-666 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0827-z

摘要： The purpose of this research was to develop statistical and intelligent models for predicting the severity of road traffic accidents (RTAs) on rural roads. Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) was used to predict the likelihood of RTAs. For more accurate prediction, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radius Basis Function (RBF) neural networks were applied. Results indicated that in MLR, the model obtained from the backward method with the correct percent of 84.7% and R² value of 0.893 was the best method for predicting the likelihood of RTAs. Also, MLR showed that the variables of not paying attention to the front not paying attention to the frontroad ahead, followed byand then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents were the greatest problems. Among the models, MLP had a better performance, so that the prediction accuracy of MLR, MLP, and RBF were 84.7%, 96.7%, and 92.1%, respectively. MLP model, due to higher accuracy, showed that the variable of reason of accident had the highest effect on the prediction of accidents, and considering MLR results, the variables of not paying attention to the front and then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents had the most influence on the occurrence of accidents. Therefore, motorcyclists and cyclists are more prone to accidents, and appropriate solutions should be adopted to enhance their safety.

关键词： safety rural accidents multiple logistic regression artificial neural networks

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生态文明高质量发展标准体系问题及实施路径

蔡文博,徐卫华,杨宁,郭小勇,欧阳志云

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 40-45 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.014

摘要：

高质量发展是我国现阶段生态文明建设的核心要求，发挥生态文明建设标准体系的引领作用对于支撑高质量发展具有重要价值。本文梳理了生态文明高质量发展建设的战略需求、生态文明建设标准体系的理论和实践进展，凝练了标准体系构建和实施中存在重点领域标准缺失、实施率不高等问题；对照《生态文明建设标准体系发展行动指南（2018—2020 年）》，研究了标准体系框架和内容的调整优化建议，就体系中亟需加强的重点领域提出实施路径。研究建议，构建生态产品价值实现标准体系，支撑生态经济发展；优化生态和环境质量标准体系，保障国家生态安全；完善陆地和海洋标准体系，支撑国土空间布局；建立绿色生活标准体系，规范生态文化建设。

关键词：生态文明建设高质量发展标准体系生态产品价值实现